Invasive Pneumococcal Disease - Persons Aged 65 Years and Older

Why Is This Important?

''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' (pneumococcus) remains a leading infectious cause of serious illness, including bacteremia, meningitis, and pneumonia, among older adults in the United States. Use of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) since 2000 and PCV13 since 2010 among children in the United States has reduced pneumococcal infections directly and indirectly among children, and indirectly among adults. By 2016, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by serotypes unique to PCV13 among adults aged 65 years and older had declined by 57% compared with 2010, when PCV13 replaced PCV7 in the pediatric immunization schedule. Approximately, 20% to 25% of IPD cases and 10% of community-acquired pneumonia cases in adults aged 65 years and older are caused by PCV13 serotypes and are potentially preventable with the use of PCV13 in this population.

Definition

Rate per 100,000 of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults aged 65 years and older in New Mexico. Number of ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'' in New Mexico adults aged 65 years and older divided by the population of New Mexico resident adults aged 65 years and older x 100,000.

Data Sources

• U.S. Data Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS)
• New Mexico Population Estimates: University of New Mexico, Geospatial and Population Studies (GPS) Program.
  (http://gps.unm.edu/)
• New Mexico Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NM-EDSS), Infectious Disease Epidemiology Bureau, Epidemiology and Response Division, New Mexico Department of Health.
  (https://www.nmhealth.org/publication/view/policy/372/)
• New Mexico Data Source, Up to 2005: National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance (NETSS), since 2006: New Mexico Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NM-EDSS). Infectious Disease Epi. Bureau, New Mexico Department of Health.

How the Measure is Calculated

How Are We Doing?

Rates of IPD have decreased across all ages, including those adults aged 65 years and older, since the introduction of PCV7 in children in 2000 and PCV13 in 2010. The greatest burden of disease is seen in the American Indians/Alaska Natives (AIAN). The rate of disease among AIAN adults aged 65 years and older in 2016 was 93.5 per 100,000 compared to 17.7 per 100,000 among non-AIAN adults aged 65 years and older.

How Do We Compare With the U.S.?

While both the national and New Mexico rates of IP in adults aged 65 years and older are dropping, New Mexico consistently has higher rates of IPD among adults aged 65 years and older when compared to national rates. In 2016, the rate of IPD adults aged 65 years and older in New Mexico was 28.2 per 100,000. The US rate was lower at 24.0 per 100,000 population.

What Is Being Done?

On August 13, 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended routine use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13 [Prevnar 13, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc.]) among adults aged 65 years and older. PCV13 should be administered in series with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23 [Pneumovax23, Merck & Co., Inc.]), the vaccine currently recommended for adults aged 65 years and older. Additionally, New Mexico is one of ten national sites that participates in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Emerging Infectious Programs (EIP), Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) which includes conducting active population-based surveillance for invasive ''Streptococcus pneumoniae''. Also, as a part of the CDC EIP ABCs network, New Mexico is participating in a study evaluating the effectiveness of PCV13 in adults aged 65 years and older.

More Resources

For more information, visit the CDC's Active Bacterial Core surveillance website: [http://www.cdc.gov/abcs/index.html]